When the body condition of bulls (n=29) on 2 north Queensland properties reduced from prime to between store and poor during the dry season, scrotal circumference and percent normal sperm reduced by an average of 2.5 cm (P<0.001) and 30% (P<0.01), respectively. Only one bull, which had held its body condition, maintained at least 50% normal sperm. This effect was reversing during the subsequent early wet season. Repeatability of scrotal circumference was high (0.7-0.8), but only moderate for % normal sperm (0.36-0.49).